Their discovery centers on what they've described as an efficient, renewables-based method for producing the chemical p-xylene, necessary in creating certain plastic containers. The research was published in the journal ACS Catalysis, a publication of the American Chemical Society.
Xylene chemicals are used to produce a plastic called PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which is currently used in many products including soda bottles, food packaging, synthetic fibers for clothing and even automotive parts.
“You can mix our renewable chemical with the petroleum-based material and the consumer would not be able to tell the difference,” said Paul J. Dauenhauer, assistant professor of chemical engineering at UMass Amherst.
The new process uses a zeolite catalyst capable of transforming glucose into p-xylene in a three-step reaction within a high-temperature biomass reactor. Researchers call this a major breakthrough since other methods of producing renewable p-xylene are either expensive or inefficient due to low yields.
"Our discovery shows remarkable potential for green plastics, particularly those used to distribute soft drinks and water,” said Dion Vlachos, director of the University of Delaware’s Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation (CCEI). “This technology could significantly reduce production costs for manufacturers of plastics from renewable sources."
A key to the success of the new process is using a catalyst specifically designed to promote the p-xylene reaction over other less desirable reactions.
“We discovered that the performance of the biomass reaction was strongly affected by the nanostructure of the catalyst, which we were able to optimize and achieve a 75 percent yield,” said Wei Fan, assistant professor of chemical engineering at UMass Amherst.
The research team believes further modifying the process could potentially boost the yield and make it even more economically attractive.
This discovery is a part of a larger effort by UD's Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation to create breakthrough technologies for the production of biofuels and chemicals from plant biomass.
The center is funded by the US Department of Energy as part of the Energy Frontiers Research Center program, which combines more than 20 faculty with complimentary research skills to collaborate on solving the world’s most pressing energy challenges.
Photo by Evan Krape
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