Bidirectional EV charging, or Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), plays an essential role in the decarbonisation of the electricity sector, enabling energy to flow two ways: From the grid into an electric vehicle (EV) and from the EV into the grid. All vehicle manufacturers are interested in bidirectional charging, although the biggest obstacles for unfolding its full potential are non-interoperable protocols and hundreds of grid codes.
One of Task 53’s key activities will be testing the conformance of the upcoming ISO15118-2X amendments referring to bidirectional charging. LF Energy EVerest can support this with expertise in establishing universal open source charger firmware supporting all relevant industry standards, including variations. This collaboration has two main objectives:
Ensure interoperability between bidirectional charging stations and vehicles.
Ensure interoperability between bidirectional charging stations and distribution grids.
Currently, each car or charging station manufacturer develops their own proprietary solutions. This leads to major challenges, as charging stations and EVs cannot easily be mixed, they are not typically interoperable.
On top of that, there are specific adaptations in different parts of the world. For example, most EU-based manufacturers rely on DC for bidirectional charging stations because of the 3-phase network and the corresponding grid codes. The situation is similar in Japan, albeit for different reasons, including historical CHAdeMO standards.
In the US, the situation is different. American manufacturers are tied to using single-phase, on-board bidirectional chargers due to the grid design. China has not yet decided how bidirectional charging will be implemented, though it is expected that China’s technical standard system for V2G interaction will be defined by 2025.
As a result of this fragmentation, global manufacturers must develop region-specific solutions. The lack of standardisation has negative effects not only for companies, but also the entire ecosystem:
Prevents economies of scale
Prevents market competition
Prevents price reductions for bidirectional charging stations
Prevents the widespread adoption of V2X technologies
Both the EVerest project and Task 53 are working to remove those hurdles and increase interoperability: EVerest by implementing a universal open source charger firmware covering all relevant standards and their variations, and Task 53 by organising cross-system interoperability testing. These approaches strongly complement each other, and further collaboration will provide tremendous interoperability benefits.
“EVs hold the promise of providing impactful grid services, however significant roadblocks remain, particularly around interoperability of EVs and charging stations” said LF Energy Executive Director Alex Thornton. “We can only realise the potential of EVs as distributed grid assets if they can be easily and safely coordinated. The partnership between Task53 and LF Energy EVerest will provide a collaborative, open, neutral venue to address these challenges and accelerate development of interoperable charging and V2G infrastructure.”
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